This table was put together by Milton Wolf.
Wolf’s Amnesia A transient selective loss of memory during an exam that prevents one from remembering the eponymically-named diseases discovered by old, dead doctors.
| Addison’s Disease | · primary adrenocortical deficiency |
| Addisonian Anemia | · pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ® ¯IF ® ¯Vit B12 ® megaloblastic anemia) |
| Albright’s Syndrome | · polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls |
| Alport’s Syndrome | · hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness |
| Alzheimer’s | · progressive dementia |
| Argyll-Robertson Pupil | · loss of light reflex constriction
(contralateral or bilateral)
· "Prostitute’s Eye" - accommodates but does not react · Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis |
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation | · cerebellar tonsil herniation |
| Barrett’s | · columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus ( risk of adenocarcinoma) |
| Bartter’s Syndrome | · hyperreninemia |
| Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy | · similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein) |
| Bell’s Palsy | · CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face) |
| Berger’s Disease | · IgA nephropathy |
| Bernard-Soulier Disease | · defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein) |
| Berry Aneurysm | · circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)
· often associated with ADPKD |
| Bowen’s Disease | · carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis ( risk of visceral ca) |
| Briquet’s Syndrome | · somatization disorder
· psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology |
| Broca’s Aphasia | · Motor Aphasia intact comprehension |
| Brown-Sequard | · hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN) |
| Bruton’s Disease | · X-linked agammaglobinemia |
| Budd-Chiari | · post-hepatic venous thrombosis |
| Buerger’s Disease | · acute inflammation of small, medium arteries ® painful ischemia ® gangrene |
| Burkitt’s Lymphoma | · small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV
· 8:14 translocation |
| Caisson Disease | · gas emboli |
| Chagas’ Disease | · Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achlasia |
| Chediak-Higashi Disease | · Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism,
cranial & peripheral neuropathy
· repeated infections |
| Conn’s Syndrome | · primary aldosteronism |
| Cori’s Disease | · glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob | · prion infection ® cerebellar & cerebral degeneration |
| Crigler-Najjar Syndrome | · congenital hyperbilirubinemia
(unconjugated)
· glucuronyl transferase deficiency |
| Crohn’s | · IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions,
lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, colon cancer risk) |
| Curling’s Ulcer | · acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
| Cushing’s | · Disease: hypercorticism 2° to
ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
· Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic) |
| Cushing’s Ulcer | · acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma |
| de Quervain’s Thyroiditis | · self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis) |
| DiGeorge’s Syndrome | · thymic hypoplasia ® T-cell deficiency
· hypoparathyroidism |
| Down’s Syndrome | · trisomy 21 or translocation |
| Dressler’s Syndrome | · Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune |
| Dubin-Johnson Syndrome | · congenital hyperbilirubinemia
(conjugated)
· striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | · deficiency of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessive |
| Edwards’ Syndrome | · trisomy 18
· rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease |
| Ehler’s-Danlos | · defective collagen |
| Eisenmenger’s Complex | · late cyanotic shunt (R®L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA |
| Erb-Duchenne Palsy | · trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip |
| Ewing Sarcoma | · undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone |
| Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat | · carcinoma in situ on glans penis |
| Fanconi’s Syndrome | · impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis) |
| Felty’s Syndrome | · rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly |
| Gardner’s Syndrome | · adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumors |
| Gaucher’s Disease | · Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase
deficiency
· hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia |
| Gilbert’s Syndrome | · benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated) |
| Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia | · defective glycoproteins on platelets |
| Goodpasture’s | · autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes |
| Grave’s Disease | · autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI) |
| Guillain-Barre | · idiopathic polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting) |
| Hamman-Rich Syndrome | · idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
| Hand-Schuller-Christian | · chronic progressive histiocytosis |
| Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis | · autoimmune hypothyroidism |
| Hashitoxicosis | · initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism |
| Henoch-Schonlein purpura | · hypersensivity vasculitis
· hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement) · associated with upper respiratory infections |
| Hirschprung’s Disease | · aganglionic megacolon |
| Horner’s Syndrome | · ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2° to a Pancoast tumor) |
| Huntington’s | · progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD |
| Jacksonian Seizures | · epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4) |
| Job’s Syndrome | · immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli |
| Kaposi Sarcoma | · malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men) |
| Kartagener’s Syndrome | · immotile cilia 2° to defective dynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterility |
| Kawasaki Disease | · mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa) |
| Klinefelter’s Syndrome | · 47, XXY |
| Kluver-Bucy | · bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior) |
| Krukenberg Tumor | · adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries |
| Laennec’s Cirrhosis | · alcoholic cirrhosis |
| Lesch-Nyhan | · HGPRT deficiency
· gout, retardation, self-mutilation |
| Letterer-Siwe | · acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis |
| Libman-Sacks | · endocarditis with small vegetations on valve
leaflets
· associated with SLE |
| Lou Gehrig’s | · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons |
| Mallory-Weis Syndrome | · bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to wretching (alcoholics) |
| Marfan’s | · connective tissue defect |
| McArdle’s Disease | · glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency) |
| Meckel’s Diverticulum | · rule of 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the
ileocecum, in 2% of the population
· embryonic duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.) |
| Meig’s Syndrome | · Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax |
| Menetrier’s Disease | · giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss) |
| Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis | · calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.) |
| Munchausen Syndrome | · factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn’t know why) |
| Nelson’s Syndrome | · 1° Adrenal Cushings ® surgical removal of adrenals ® loss of negative feedback to pituitary ® Pituitary Adenoma |
| Niemann-Pick | · Lysosomal Storage Disease sphingomyelinase
deficiency
· "foamy histiocytes" |
| Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome | · Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia |
| Paget’s Disease | · abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain) |
| Pancoast Tumor | · bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement ® Horner’s Syndrome |
| Parkinson’s | · dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts |
| Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome | · melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps of small intestine |
| Peyronie’s Disease | · subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis |
| Pick’s Disease | · progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer’s |
| Plummer’s Syndrome | · hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs) |
| Plummer-Vinson | · esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, SCCA of esophagus |
| Pompe’s Disease | · glycogen storage disease ® cardiomegaly |
| Pott’s Disease | · tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae |
| Potter’s Complex | · renal agenesis ® oligohydramnios ® hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities |
| Raynaud’s | · Disease: recurrent vasospasm in
extremities
· Phenomenon: 2° to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma) |
| Reiter’s Syndrome | · urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular |
| Reye’s Syndrome | · microvesicular fatty liver change &
encephalopathy
· 2° to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness |
| Riedel’s Thyroiditis | · idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid |
| Rotor Syndrome | · congenital hyperbilirubinemia
(conjugated)
· similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver |
| Sezary Syndrome | · leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) |
| Shaver’s Disease | · aluminum inhalation ® lung fibrosis |
| Sheehan’s Syndrome | · postpartum pituitary necrosis |
| Shy-Drager | · parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension |
| Simmond’s Disease | · pituitary cachexia |
| Sipple’s Syndrome | · MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid) |
| Sjogren’s Syndrome | · triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell lymphoma |
| Spitz Nevus | · juvenile melanoma (always benign) |
| Stein-Leventhal | · polycystic ovary |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | · erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2° to infection or sulfa drugs) |
| Still’s Disease | · juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor) |
| Takayasu’s arteritis | · aortic arch syndrome
· loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses |
| Tay-Sachs | · gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside) |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | · Ê VSD, Ë overriding aorta, Ì pulmonary artery stenosis, Í right ventricular hypertrophy |
| Tourette’s Syndrome | · involuntary actions, both motor and vocal |
| Turcot’s Syndrome | · adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumors |
| Turner’s Syndrome | · 45, XO |
| Vincent’s Infection | · "trench mouth" - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
| von Gierke’s Disease | · glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency) |
| von Hippel-Lindau | · hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma)
· adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma |
| von Recklinghausen’s | · neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots |
| von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone | · osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") 2° to hyperparathyroidism |
| von Willebrand’s Disease | · defect in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF |
| Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia | · proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells |
| Wallenberg’s Syndrome | · Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
thrombosis "Medullary Syndrome"
· Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp |
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen | · catastrophic adrenal insufficiency
2° to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC)
· often 2° to meningiococcemia |
| Weber’s Syndrome | · Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain
· Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body) |
| Wegener’s Granulomatosis | · necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc. |
| Weil’s Disease | · leptospirosis |
| Wermer’s Syndrome | · MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary) |
| Wernicke’s Aphasia | · Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | · thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia) |
| Whipple’s Disease | · malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis |
| Wilson’s Disease | · hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin) |
| Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome | · immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema) |
| Wolff-Chaikoff Effect | · high iodine level (- )’s thyroid hormone synthesis |
| Zenker’s Diverticulum | · esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES |
| Zollinger-Ellison | · gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ® acid ® intractable ulcers |
Hallmark Findings
| Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation | · Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count) |
| Antiplatelet Antibodies | · idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| Arachnodactyly | · Marfan’s |
| Aschoff Bodies | · rheumatic fever |
| Auer Rods | · acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3) |
| Autosplenectomy | · sickle cell anemia |
| Babinski | · UMN lesion |
| Basophilic Stippling of RBCs | · lead poisoning |
| Bence Jones Protein | · multiple myeloma free light chains (either
kappa or lambda)
· Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia |
| Birbeck Granules | · histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma) |
| Blue Bloater | · Chronic Bronchitis |
| Boot-Shaped Heart | · Tetralogy of Fallot |
| Bouchard’s Nodes | · osteoarthritis (PIP) |
| Boutonniere’s Deformity | · rheumatoid arthritis |
| Brown Tumor | · hyperparathyroidism |
| Brushfield Spots | · Down’s |
| Call-Exner Bodies | · granulosa cell tumor |
| Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy | · Chagas’ Disease |
| Chancre | · 1° Syphilis |
| Chancroid | · Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Charcot Triad | · multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech) |
| Charcot-Leyden Crystals | · bronchial asthma |
| Cheyne-Stokes Breathing | · cerebral lesion |
| Chocolate Cysts | · endometriosis |
| Chvostek’s Sign | · Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany |
| Clue Cells | · Gardnerella vaginitis |
| Codman’s Triangle | · osteosarcoma |
| Cold Agglutinins | · Mycoplasma pneumoniae
· infectious mononucleosis |
| Condyloma Lata | · 2° Syphilis
· new coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel |
| Cotton Wool Spots | · HTN |
| Councilman Bodies | · dying hepatocytes |
| Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule | · rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis) |
| Currant-Jelly Sputum | · Klebsiella |
| Curschmann’s Spirals | · bronchial asthma |
| Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra | · Parkinson’s |
| Donovan Bodies | · granuloma inguinale (STD) |
| Eburnation | · osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone) |
| Ectopia Lentis | · Marfan’s |
| Erythema Chronicum Migrans | · Lyme Disease |
| Fatty Liver | · Alcoholism |
| Ferruginous Bodies | · asbestosis |
| Ghon Focus / Complex | · Tuberculosis (1° & 2° , respectively) |
| Gower’s Maneuver | · Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand |
| Heberden’s Nodes | · Osteoarthritis (DIP) |
| Heinz Bodies | · G6PDH Deficiency |
| Hemorrhagic Urticaria | · Henoch-Schonlein |
| Heterophil Antibodies | · infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
| Hirano Bodies | · Alzheimer’s |
| Hypersegmented PMNs | · Megaloblastic anemia |
| Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs | · iron-deficiency anemia |
| Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction | · Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis |
| Joint Mice | · osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes) |
| Kaussmaul Breathing | · acidosis |
| Keratin Pearls | · SCCA |
| Keyser-Fleischer Ring | · Wilson’s |
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules | · diabetic nephropathy |
| Koilocytes | · HPV |
| Koplik Spots | · measles |
| Lewy Bodies | · Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells) |
| Lines of Zahn | · arterial thrombus |
| Lisch Nodules | · neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease) |
| Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli | · poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
| McBurney’s Sign | · appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine) |
| Michealis-Gutmann Bodies | · Malakoplakia |
| Monoclonal Antibody Spike | · multiple myeloma this is called the M protein
(usually IgG or IgA)
· MGUS |
| Myxedema | · hypothyroidism |
| Negri Bodies | · rabies |
| Neuritic Plaques | · Alzheimer’s |
| Neurofibrillary Tangles | · Alzheimer’s |
| Non-pitting Edema | · Myxedema
· Anthrax Toxin |
| Notching of Ribs | · Coarctation of Aorta |
| Nutmeg Liver | · CHF |
| Painless Jaundice | · pancreatic CA (head) |
| Pannus | · rheumatoid arthritis |
| Pautrier’s Microabscesses | · mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) |
| Philadelphia Chromosome | · CML
· ALL |
| Pick Bodies | · Pick’s Disease |
| Pink Puffer | · Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiency |
| Podagra | · gout (MP joint of hallux) |
| Port-Wine Stain | · Hemangioma |
| Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign | · tearing of the ACL |
| Psammoma Bodies | · Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
· Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary · Meningioma · Mesothelioma |
| Pseudohypertrophy | · Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| Punched-Out Bone Lesions | · multiple myeloma |
| Rash on Palms & Soles | · 2° Syphilis
· RMSF |
| Red Morning Urine | · paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
| Reed-Sternberg Cells | · Hodgkin’s Disease |
| Reid Index Increased | · chronic bronchitis |
| Reinke Crystals | · Leydig cell tumor |
| Rouleaux Formation | · multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips |
| S3 Heart Sound | · L®R Shunt (VSD, PDA)
· Mitral Regurg · LV Failure |
| S4 Heart Sound | · Pulmonary Stenosis
· Pulmonary HTN |
| Schwartzman Reaction | · Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs |
| Simian Crease | · Down’s |
| Smith Antigen | · SLE (also anti-dsDNA) |
| Soap Bubble on X-Ray | · giant cell tumor of bone |
| Spike & Dome Glomeruli | · membranous glomerulonephritis |
| String Sign on X-ray | · Crohn’s bowel wall thickening |
| Target Cells | · Thalassemia |
| Tendinous Xanthomas | · Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
| Thyroidization of Kidney | · chronic pyelonephritis |
| Tophi | · gout |
| Tram-Track Glomeruli | · membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
| Trousseau’s Sign | · visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory
thrombophlebitis)
· hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name. |
| Virchow’s Node | · supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach |
| Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells | · Measles |
| WBC Casts | · pyelonephritis |
| Wire Loop Glomeruli | · lupus nephropathy, type IV |
| AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum | · Spina Bifida
· Anencephaly |
| Uric Acid | · Gout
· Lesch Nyhan · Myeloproliferative Disorders · Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides) |
| ¯ FEV1/FVC | · COPD |
Most Common…
| 1° Tumor arising from bone in adults | · Multiple Myeloma |
| Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults | · Pheochromocytoma |
| Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Children | · Neuroblastoma |
| Bacterial Meningitis – adults | · Neisseria meningitidis |
| Bacterial Meningitis – elderly | · Strep pneumoniae |
| Bacterial Meningitis – newborns | · E. coli |
| Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers | · Hib |
| Bone Tumors | · Metasteses from Breast & Prostate |
| Brain Tumor – Child | · Medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
| Brain Tumor –Adult | · Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma |
| Breast Carcinoma | · Invasive Duct Carcinoma |
| Breast Mass | · Fibrocystic Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women) |
| Bug in Acute Endocarditis | · Staph aureus |
| Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt | · Klebsiella |
| Bug in Epiglottitis | · Hib |
| Bug in GI Tract | · Bacteroides (2nd – E. coli) |
| Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia | · Staph aureus |
| Bug in PID | · N. Gonnorrhoeae |
| Bug in Subacute Endocarditis | · Strep Viridans |
| Cardiac 1° Tumor – Adults | · Myxoma "Ball Valve" |
| Cardiac 1° Tumor – Child | · Rhabdomyoma |
| Cardiac Tumor – Adults | · Metasteses |
| Cardiomyopathy | · Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy |
| Cause of 2° HTN | · Renal Disease |
| Cause of Addison’s | · Autoimmune (2nd – infection) |
| Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | · 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (then, 11-) |
| Cause of Cushings | · Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH) |
| Cause of death in Alzheimer pts | · Pneumonia |
| Cause of death in Diabetics | · MI |
| Cause of Death in SLE pts. | · Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) |
| Cause of Dementia | · Alzheimer’s |
| Cause of Dementia (2nd most common) | · Multi-Infarct Dementia |
| Cause of food poisoning | · Staph aureus |
| Cause of mental retardation | · Down’s |
| Cause of mental retardation (2nd most common) | · Fragile X |
| Cause of preventable blindness | · Chlamydia |
| Cause of Pulmonary HTN | · COPD |
| Cause of SIADH | · Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung |
| Chromosomal disorder | · Down’s |
| Congenital cardiac anomaly | · VSD (membranous > muscular) |
| Congenital early cyanosis | · Tetralogy of Fallot |
| Coronary Artery thrombosis | · LAD |
| Demyelinating Disease | · Multiple Sclerosis |
| Dietary Deficiency | · Iron |
| Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS | · CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall) |
| Esophageal cancer | · SCCA |
| Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians | · Cystic Fibrosis |
| Female Tumor | · Leimyoma |
| Form of Amyloidosis | · Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain) |
| Form of Tularemia | · Ulceroglandular |
| Gynecologic malignancy | · Endometrial Carcinoma |
| Heart Murmur | · Mitral Valve Prolapse |
| Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis | · Mitral |
| Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users | · Tricuspid |
| Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever | · Mitral then Aortic |
| Hereditary Bleeding Disorder | · Von Willebrand’s Disease |
| Liver 1° Tumor | · Hepatoma |
| Liver Disease | · Alcoholic Liver Disease |
| Location of Adult brain tumors | · Above Tentorium |
| Location of Childhood brain tumors | · Below Tentorium |
| Lysosomal Storage Disease | · Gaucher’s |
| Motor Neuron Disease | · ALS |
| Neoplasm – Child | · Leukemia |
| Neoplasm – Child (2nd most common) | · Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum) |
| Nephrotic Syndrome | · Membranous Glomerulonephritis |
| Opportunistic infection in AIDS | · PCP |
| Ovarian Malignancy | · Serous Cystadenoma |
| Ovarian Tumor | · Hamartoma |
| Pancreatic Tumor | · Adeno (usually in the head) |
| Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML | · ALL - Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50 |
| Patient with Goodpasture’s | · Young male |
| Patient with Reiter’s | · Male |
| Pituitary Tumor | · Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic "Acidophilic" Adenoma) |
| Primary Hyperparathyroidism | · Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma) |
| Pt. With Hodgkin’s | · Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type – Female) |
| Pt. With Minimal Change Disease | · Young Child |
| Secondary Hyperparathyroidism | · Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure |
| Sexually transmitted disease | · Chlamydia |
| Site of Diverticula | · Sigmoid Colon |
| Site of metastasis | · Regional Lymph Nodes |
| Site of metastasis (2nd most common) | · Liver |
| Sites of atherosclerosis | · Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
| Skin Cancer | · Basal Cell Carcinoma |
| Stomach cancer | · Adeno |
| Testicular Tumor | · Seminoma |
| Thyroid Cancer | · Papillary Carcinoma |
| Tracheoesophageal Fistula | · Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch |
| Tumor of Infancy | · Hemangioma |
| Type of Hodkin’s | · Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis) |
| Type of Non-Hodgkin’s | · Follicular, small cleaved |
| Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries) | · Temporal Arteritis |
| Viral Encephalitis | · HSV |
| Worm infection in US | · Pinworm (2nd – Ascaris) |
Signature Drug Toxicities
| Agranulocytosis | · Clozapine |
| Aplastic Anemia | · Chloramphenicol
· NSAIDs · Benzene |
| Atropine-like Side Effects | · Tricyclics |
| Cardiotoxicity | · Doxorubicin
· Daunorubicin |
| Cartilage Damage in children | · Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin) |
| Cinchonism | · Quinidine |
| Cough | · ACE Inhibitors |
| Diabetes Insipidus | · Lithium |
| Disulfiram-like effect | · Metronidazole
· Sulfonylureas (1st generation) |
| Extrapyramidal Side Effects | · Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine) |
| Fanconi’s Syndrome | · Tetracycline |
| Fatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis) | · Valproic Acid
· Halothane · Acetaminophen |
| Gingical Hyperplasia | · Phenytoin |
| Gray Baby Syndrome | · Chloramphenicol |
| Gynecomastia | · Cimetidine
· Azoles · Spironolactone · Digitalis |
| Hemolytic Anemia in G6PD-deficiency | · Sulfonamides
· Isoniazid · Aspirin · Ibuprofen · Primaquine |
| Hepatitis | · Isoniazid |
| Hot Flashes, Flushing | · Niacin
· Tamoxifen · Ca++ Channel Blockers |
| Induce CP450 | · Barbiturates
· Phenytoin · Carbamazepine · Rifampin |
| Inhibit CP450 | · Cimetidine
· Ketoconazole |
| Interstitial Nephritis | · Methicillin
· NSAIDs (except Aspirin) · Furosemide · Sulfonamides |
| Monday Disease | · Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure ® tolerance during week ® loss of tolerance during weekend ® headache, tach, dizziness upon re-exposure |
| Orange Body Fluids | · Rifampin |
| Osteoporosis | · Heparin
· Corticosteroids |
| Positive Coombs’ Test | · Methyldopa |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis | · Bleomycin
· Amiodarone |
| Red Man Syndrome | · Vancomycin |
| Severe HTN with Tyramine | · MAOIs |
| SLE-like Syndrome | · Procainamide
· Hydralazine |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | · Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine) |
| Tinnitus | · Aspirin
· Quinidine |
Miscellaneous